[11][12][13], Shortly after the coronation most of Charles' territories were overrun by the Austrians, and Bavaria was occupied by the troops of Maria Theresa. Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious (French: le Victorieux) or the Well-Served (French: le Bien-Servi), was King of France from 1422 to his death in 1461. The new campaign of Frederick II of Prussia during the Second Silesian War finally forced the Austrian army to leave Bavaria and to retreat back into Bohemia. In 1743 his troops and their allies took Bavaria and Charles VII was able to return to Munich in April for some time. At the age of eleven, he was crowned King of France in 1380 in the cathedral at Reims. Throughout his life, his father suffered recurring bouts of madness, which made his role as Dauphin (heir to the throne) and regent that much more difficult. After the allied French had to retreat after defeats to the Rhine, he lost Bavaria again. Charles campaigned successfully in Normandy and took possession of its capital, Rouen, on Nov. 20, 1450. Charles IV de France, dit Charles le Bel, né le 18 juin 1294 au château de Creil (Oise), mort le 1er février 1328 à Vincennes, fut comte de la Marche puis, de 1322 à 1328, roi de France, le quinzième et dernier de la dynastie dite des Capétiens directs, et roi de Navarre (sous le nom de Charles Ier). Charles was born in Paris, in the royal residence of the Hôtel Saint-Pol, on 3 December 1368, the son of the king of France Charles V, of the House of Valois, and of Joanna of Bourbon. He died on 21 July 1461 at age 58 at Bourges, Orléanais, France. Charles Albert's general Ignaz Felix, Count of Törring-Jettenbach was compared to a drum, as people heard about him only when he was beaten. Joan of Arc, the visionary peasant girl from Lorraine, travelled across the country to fortify the King’s intentions to fight for France. They concluded a pact of friendship at Pouilly on July 2, 1419, but, in the course of another meeting at Montereau on September 10, the Duke was killed by the Armagnacs in Charles’s presence. cinquième roi de la branche dite de Valois de la dynastie capétienne. On Oct. 12, 1428, the English laid siege to Orléans. He received her at Chinon in February 1429. Charles VII (February 22, 1403 – July 22, 1461) was king of France from 1422 to 1461, a member of the Valois Dynasty. These people set up an administration in Poitiers and Bourges the jurisdiction of which extended over all of France south of the Loire River, except for the English part of Guyenne. In 1420 the Treaty of Troyes recognized Henry V as heir to the French throne, excluding Charles. Charles VII, dit « le Victorieux » ou « le Bien Servi », né à l'hôtel Saint-Polà Parisle 22 février1403et mort au château de Mehun-sur-Yèvre, résidence royale située à Mehun-sur-Yèvre, entre Bourgeset Vierzon, le 22 juillet1461, est roi de Francede 1422à 1461. In 1729 he instituted the knightly Order of St George and ordered the beginning of the construction of the Rothenberg Fortress. Toward the end of that year, he was betrothed to Mary of Anjou, the nine-year-old daughter of Louis II of Anjou, king of Naples, and his wife, Yolande of Aragon. Through the efforts of Yolande, La Trémoille was then forced out of the council, and Richemont was restored to favour. Charles has often been accused of apathy. Charles Sept | Charles VII de France 1403-1461, roi de 1422 à 1461. vun Neapel), Jong vum Philippe V. an zanter 1759 Kinnek vu Spuenien ënner dem Titel Charles III.' [6][2], On 5 October 1722, Charles married Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria, whom he had met at the imperial court in Vienna. As son-in-law of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles rejected the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and claimed the German territories of the Habsburg dynasty after the death of emperor Charles VI in 1736. He married Isabeau of Bavaria in 1385. The Valois kings gradually increased their authority at the expense of the privileges of the feudal lords. His heart was separately buried in the Shrine of Our Lady of Altötting. The reign of Charles VII was significant in the history of France. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? etc. But the defense of Orléans became for the French a symbol of their struggle against the enemy. In 1725 Charles visited Versailles during the wedding celebrations of Louis XV of France, and established a personal contact with the French court. His elder sister Anne acted as regent jointly with her husband Peter II, Duke of Bourbon … Conjoint: Marie d'Anjou. Zur Interimsregierung der bayerischen Kurfürstin Therese Kunigunde (1704/05)", "Mit uns muss man rechnen, 200 Jahre Bayerischer Oberster Rechnungshof, Die Zerrüttung der Staatsfinanzen in Bayern im 18. He reigned over the Spanish Kingdom in 1808 and again from 1813 to his death in 1833. His brother Klemens August then again leaned towards Austria, and his son and successor Maximilian III Joseph made peace with Austria. In May 1413 rioting Parisians invaded the Hôtel Saint-Paul, where he lived. Until he took complete charge as king in 1388, France was ruled primarily by his uncle, Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. Shutterstock. King Frederick the Great of Prussia wrote in 1746: This death robbed me of the emperor, who was my friend. Indulged by his mother, he was permanently marked by his childhood at the French court, where intrigue, luxury, a taste for the arts, extravagance, and profligacy all prevailed at the same time. There he put himself at the head of the Armagnac party (rivals of the Burgundians) and at the end of 1418 assumed the title of regent for the deranged Charles VI. The Sanction also increased the King’s control over the granting of ecclesiastical revenues. Maria Amalia was the youngest daughter of the late emperor Joseph I and his wife Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg. France - France - Charles VII: Charles VI’s son, Charles VII (reigned 1422–61), for his part, did not fail to claim his inheritance, though he had no proper coronation. The Grand circle (Schlossrondell), which is flanked by a string of elaborate Baroque mansions was initially planned as a basic blueprint for a new city (Carlstadt), but this was not achieved. He succeeded his father Louis XI at the age of 13. Faced with the threat of the English, who had invaded France, and the demands of the English king, Henry V, who claimed the French crown, Charles attempted to reconcile his differences with the Duke of Burgundy. He was adept at minimizing papal influence over the internal affairs of his kingdom. Richemont was disgraced and replaced by La Trémoille, who sought only his own fortune. Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis served as Principal Commissioner for Charles VII at the Perpetual Imperial Diet in Frankfurt am Main and in 1744 the Thurn und Taxis dynasty were appointed hereditary Postmasters General of the Imperial Reichspost. 28. Charles and his wife, Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria, were parents of seven children: Charles Albert and his mistress Sophie Caroline von Ingelheim had a son: Charles VII, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany and of Bohemia, Duke in the Upper and Lower Bavaria as well as the Upper Palatinate, Count-Palatine of the Rhine, Archduke of Austria, Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Landgrave of Leuchtenberg, etc. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI (1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia (as Charles II), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Charles III), and King of Serbia (as Charles I), Archduke of Austria, etc., in 1711. On July 17, after a victorious journey with his army, Charles was crowned at Reims, in spite of his counsellors’ misgivings. She restored the French army’s confidence, and they liberated Orléans. The Capetian dynasty (/ k ə ˈ p iː ʃ ən /), also known as the House of France, is a dynasty of Frankish origin, and a branch of the Robertians.It is among the largest and oldest royal houses in Europe and the world, and consists of Hugh Capet, the founder of the dynasty, and his male-line descendants, who ruled in France without interruption from 987 to 1792, and again from 1814 to 1848. Charles Albert was mocked as an emperor who neither controlled his own realm, nor was in effective control of the empire itself, though the institution of the Holy Roman Emperor had largely become symbolic in nature and powerless by that time. On the death of his elder brother in April 1417, Charles became dauphin (heir to the throne) at the age of 14. Under the mediation of the former Vice-Chancellor Friedrich Karl von Schönborn, the emperor then sought a balance with Vienna, but at the same time negotiated unsuccessfully with France for new military support. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was known to his supporters as el Deseado (the Desired) and to his detractors as el Rey Felón (the Felon King). neměl mužské potomky a byl poslední v hlavní rodové linii Oldenburků, bylo nutné učit dědice trůnu.Z více kandidátů byl vybrán čtvrtý syn glücksburského vévody Fridricha Viléma princ Christian von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg z vedlejší glücksburské mladší větvě dynastie. The Presbyterians had lectured him constantly about morality and told him that kings were merely the vassals of God, like everyone else, and so he had no desire to go north again. For 12 years he had known only war and the worst of intrigues. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. But Charles VI’s son, the Dauphin, was not a party to the treaty, and so the war continued. Charles VII, byname Charles The Well-served, orThe Victorious, French Charles Le Bien-servi, orLe Victorieux, (born Feb. 22, 1403, Paris—died July 22, 1461, Mehun-sur-Yèvre, Fr. Charles VIII, (born June 30, 1470, Amboise, Fr.—died April 7, 1498, Amboise), king of France from 1483, known for beginning the French expeditions into Italy that lasted until the middle of the next century.. Charles’s rivals for the imperial succession to Maximilian were Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England. ), king of France from 1422 to 1461, who succeeded—partly with the aid of Joan of Arc—in driving the English from French soil and in solidifying the administration of the monarchy. Claiming the Crown. His father Maximilian Emanuel fled to the Spanish Netherlands after having been defeated at the Battle of Höchstädt in August 1704 while Charles and his siblings stayed with their mother, the acting queen regnant, in Munich. Henry, still wanting money but reluctant to ask for subsidies at a time when he needed all the support he could get for the treaty, obtained forced loans. Parents:Charles VI, Isabeau de Bavière. Charles VIII, called the Affable (French: l'Affable; 30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. During 1717 he served among Bavarian auxiliaries in the Austro-Turkish War. With the treaty of Nymphenburg concluded in July 1741, Charles allied with France and Spain against Austria. The only son of Louis XI and Charlotte of Savoy, Charles showed no aptitude for government at the time of his accession: he was in poor health and of poor intelligence. The English and the Burgundians revived the war and gained ground. He worked regularly with his counsellors. After the death of emperor Charles VI in 1740 he claimed the Archduchy of Austria due to his marriage to Maria Amalia of Austria, the niece of Charles VI, and was from 1741 to 1743 as Charles III briefly King of Bohemia. The electors expected to be rewarded for Although Bavaria had renounced all claims to the throne via this marriage, it did, however provide the legal basis to the inheritance of certain Austrian possessions. Charles VI was only 11 when he inherited the throne in the midst of the Hundred Years' War. Following … Der Blaue Kurfürst 1679–1726. In June 1519 the electors voted at Frankfurt for Charles as king, the prerequisite step to attaining the imperial title. Charles VII resided in Nymphenburg and the palace became the favorite summer residence of the future lords of Bavaria. In his remaining quarter of a century he greatly enhances the power of the French monarchy. His action in obtaining a posthumous reversal of Joan of Arc’s condemnation (1456) was perhaps less inspired by a concern for justice than by a need to justify the circumstances surrounding his coronation. Archduke Charles (baptized Carolus Franciscus Josephus Wenceslaus Balthasar Johannes Antonius Ignatius), the second son of the Emperor Leopold I and of his third wife, Princess Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg, was born on 27 February 1685. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-VII-king-of-France, Luminarium Encyclopedia - Biography of Charles VII, Xenophon Group - Biography of Charles VII. He also patronized the arts, surrounding himself with men of letters and intellectuals. ), king of France from 1422 to 1461, who succeeded—partly with the aid of Joan of Arc—in driving the English from French soil and in solidifying the administration of the monarchy. Factinate Video of the Day [15][2], The new commander of the Bavarian army, Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff, fought Austria in a series of battles in 1743 and 1744. Discouraged, he thought of retiring to Spain or of ceding to English pressure. Charles VII's reign, beginning so unpromisingly in 1422, takes a remarkable turn for the better after his return to Paris in 1437. Crises caused by his father’s insanity were frequent.